Talking about the Influence of the Links in the Printing of Books and Periodicals on the Binding

Stapling is the final process of printing books and periodicals. The construction quality and work efficiency are not only restricted by the organizational coordination, coordination management, normative operation and inspection and control of this process, but also other links in the printing process (such as design, plate making, printing, Materials, etc.) are also closely linked. Here, the author makes a simple classification description of the impact of other links on book binding work.

product design

The overall design of books and periodicals is the basic link of printing, and it is also the expected goal of product appearance after production. Usually, books, publications, structures, content, layouts, materials, etc., are not counted by the publishing company, editorial office, advertising agency, or author himself. These design requirements directly determine the degree of ease of binding. Because some designers do not fully understand the processing nature of various links in the printing of books and periodicals, or are ill-conceived in product design, it is difficult to ensure the quality of plate making, printing, and binding in the actual production. The common problems are as follows.

1. Improper design of layout elements

For example, in the design, there are oversized hearts, pictures, and text. The wire frame is too close to the incision, the decorative pattern and page decoration bleeding, etc., the book mouth is often the size of the mouth after binding. Wireframes are skewed, bleeding lines are missing, effective content is cut, and so on. Because binding allows for certain errors such as folding and hitting of posts, binding errors should be taken into consideration when designing the size of the heart, pictures, text, wireframes, decorative patterns, and page numbers.

2. Cross-page graphic design is not reasonable

Some products were designed without considering the impact of different printing materials and different printing methods on the cross-page graphics. For example, a cross-page map was designed between a certain seal and two pairs of seals, three pairs of seals, and three seals. If the cover is coated with 200g/m coated paper and the color insert is printed with 80g/m light-coated paper, it will inevitably cause chromatic aberration of printing and affect the effect of the drawing. If the cover is printed with a sheet-fed offset press, and the color insertion is printed with a commercial web offset press, different printing methods will also cause a significant color difference between the two parts of the cross-over graphic. In addition, different binding methods also have different requirements for cross-page graphic production. Set the product to consider the reservation of 3-5mm set up, glue set products to consider reserved 2-3mm milling back volume, the cover and the book block also consider leaving aside 7-10mm package cover side glue position. Otherwise, after the book is bound into a book, the cross-page image, especially the cross-page image of the book center, may be incomplete, and the text is missing. The main content of the graphic center has been milled out and booked. Smaller text passages are designed to be spread across pages. It is very likely that there will be problems such as incomplete text and serials that affect reading.

3. The book binding design and material do not match

The quality of books and magazines should include the guarantee of the integrity of the content and the scientificity of the binding, complete graphics, exquisite printing and binding, firm binding, easy reading, and convenience for preservation. In actual production, the hardcover is required to be less than 50 pages in the text or less than 4mm in the back, and less than 30 pages in the text require the use of glue, and the book must also be booked in the middle of 64 pages. These design requirements are not Too reasonable. When the back of the book is very narrow, design the text on the back of the book. Patterns or patches and ribbons that are clearly different from the front and back covers. The paper is too bad or too thick, and the binding folds. Locking and other processing will be difficult.

4. Unreasonable design

Profiled copies can easily lead to the waste of paper and other materials, and often result in complex and difficult folds. The factory has processed a 42-sheet (105mm x 175mm) manual type bookbinding product. In order to save materials, it is printed on a positive paper and the layout is made in 8 pages + 4 pages + 9 pages. Part of the page number is to be rolled. Too many pages with good signatures will inevitably result in a decrease in the efficiency of binding and an increase in the rejection rate.

technological design

After printing and printing companies start receiving printed jobs, they will first formulate construction plans based on the specific requirements of the products and customers. In order to ensure product quality, minimize production cycle, balance costs, and maximize the economic benefits of the company, we have developed a reasonable process route based on the production process of our company, the actual situation of the technical equipment, and taking into consideration all aspects of platemaking, printing, and binding. The correctness and reasonableness of the production process design directly affects the production efficiency and quality of the entire production process, and the impact on the binding process is particularly obvious.

1. Strengthen the review of customer target requirements and original manuscripts and raw materials

The production management department should be a good adviser to customers, promote the reasonable implementation of product design standards, and take measures to make up for the lack of design. To understand the product requirements and quality objectives, we must fully understand and carefully verify the quality of the manuscript provided, the original version, the original quality and the raw materials, and make a correct judgment on whether or not the customer can meet the quality objectives and meet its requirements. Problems should be solved in time.
Stapling is the final stage and has certain technical characteristics. Therefore, the production process design must first ensure the quality of the finished product and facilitate the binding operation. For example, check the design thickness of the back cover. The calculation of the book back thickness is very important for the appearance of the bound book. The width of the book back can be estimated by the paper thickness x pages, and the calculation will be more accurate after the actual paper thickness is measured. Conditional books and periodicals printing companies can use homogenous paper to simulate the actual production situation to make false test book measurement book back size more accurate.

2. Comprehensive consideration of product features and equipment of the company

The production management department shall determine the specific process routes of the construction machine type, single and double printing, etc. based on the product features, cost, quantity, and binding methods; binding rules, etc. Large-volume products may be considered for web printing and double binding; for small-size products, duplex or even multi-component printing should be considered. Foreign version should pay attention to the finished product size. Milling mouth, sub-version mode, rules and other process elements for review. Process design should also fully consider the performance of the company's printing equipment, operating personnel's production habits, ease of binding operations, as much as possible to reduce manual folding, distribution posts, page drawing, cutting pages, sticky pages and other operations, improve the binding Ergonomics.

3. Take into account the requirements for thickness and folding times of printing paper

The number of folds of the product should comply with the corresponding standard (see C丫/T 28-1999) 59 g/m maximum discount for sheet paper up to 40%, 60~80g/m up to 30%, 81g/m up to 20% off . In actual production, due to the temporary change of paper or in order to improve the efficiency of folding, matching, and sewing, it may exceed the prescribed limit, but it should also be understood that the greater the number of folds of paper with a certain thickness, the more serious the pleats will become. The larger the creep deviation between pages and pages is.

4. According to the binding process reasonable arrangements for loose pages

Different binding methods and models have different requirements for the location of loose pages. When the separate pages of the sewing thread product form a placard, the placard is easily punctured and the page is dropped. Therefore, two pages should be allowed in the process design. The four-page spreader rides on the adjacent full page, and the single page should be glued to the first post to facilitate the sewing of the adhesive tape. Too many posts. When the paper is too thin, it is often necessary to use post cards. If the paper is too thick and the number of pages per sheet is too large, there will be a situation where the sewing machine is not pierced, the cracking of the back of the book when the book is opened, the obvious step of the front mouth of the finished product, etc., and the composition and binding of the articles should be designed.

Binding product placement is related to the performance of the Binder structure. For example, small prints, thin or thick book backs, book covers on book covers, and special-size products are more flexible and quicker than bookbinding machines. Their hits are mainly caused by manual and machine vibrations, and scattered pages are favored. Fragmented pages crashed into place before milling back. Bulk products use glued-up linkage equipment with a high degree of automation. A single page or two pages are generally glued to the entire post to facilitate the automatic matching of posts. Four pages are generally placed between the entire posts to ensure that the book block is securely sealed when the book block is sealed. When the cover is on, it will not be folded at the mouth.

Saddle-stitched products should be as far as possible outside the scattered pages, made of 2 riding 4 riding 8 form. If there is a full-length color insert in front of a saddle-stitched book publication, the text is not full-paged and there are scattered pages in the middle. When the loose-leaf pages are bound, there will be a phenomenon that the positioning delay is not in place.

5. Printing machine type selection and collocation

Different types of printing presses may print printed sheets with different sizes. When multi-machine type printing and matching, attention should be paid to the selection and matching of models. For example, for web machines with different peripheral drum diameters, printing on the same specification web will result in different web sizes. The product sizes of web presses printed on folded paper and on sheetfed presses will also be different. If the length of the outer frame is greater than the length of the inner frame, the shift fork used for positioning when the saddle stitching linkage is bound will be difficult to push the inner frame in place, and thus the stealing will occur. Shrinking phenomenon.

Imposition, plate making

Many details of the implementation of the production process are completed in the pre-press plate making and imposition process, such as the unification of the rules of different jobs, the reservation of milling mouthpieces, the specification of process marks, and cross-pages. Bleeding graphic processing. Saddle stitching product page crawling. Whole book page number, book brow. Edition of the heart of the unity and so on. Platemaking and imposition are the key processes for implementing the production process. The consideration of whether it is comprehensive or not and whether the construction is detailed will affect the quality of the binding process.

1. Table paper accuracy and binding folding

Table paper is a template for manual imposition, and its drawing accuracy directly affects the page number after folding. Edition heart, book line and other elements alignment and cross-page image mosaic accuracy. The drawing of the imposition table paper should be correct, the dimensions should be accurate, and the error of the two diagonal lines should be ≤ 1mm. The Taiwan version should be drawn on relatively thick paper, protected against moisture, and checked for size before use. In principle, it should be used with the painting, and it should not be used for a long time.

2. Cross-page graphics. Bleeding text processing

Make sure to align the upper and lower pages when composing a cross-page graphic. Make allowances for the opening, milling, and backing to avoid pressure on the graphic. Imposition reserved for milling. The mouthpiece should be physically backed with the milling back size. The mouth size is the same to ensure the accuracy of the cross-page graphic layout. The milling depth of the glued product should be designed at 2. O-3.5mm, taking into account the limitations of the paper format in actual production, the depth of the milling mouth may be slightly smaller under the condition that the signatures are milled through. In order to be able to stick firmly in the most insignificant one page of the signature, generally the three-handed signature is set to 1.5-2mm, and the four-handed signature is set to 2. O-2.5mm, the milling mouth should be enlarged when the book block is very thick. The important part of the contents of books and graphic texts can not be too close to the incision, and should be kept at least 3mm. Bleeding images should be added to the cut to facilitate cutting.

3. Horseback booked version of the heart. Page crawling

The paper thickness and number of folds should be taken into account when making the layout. The effect of invagination of posts and posts on the page number, saddle-stitched products must do the corresponding creeping processing on the internal version of the page and the page number. For example: when printing a 16-sheet, 3-print sheet of paper with 70g/m paper, the second version is generally processed when processed in units of whole sheets. The page number should be shifted 1 mm outward in the direction of the opening, and the third version should be shifted outward by 2 mm. For the 8-page set of 8 pages of the lock line products and similar WD-B type book offset presses, the production of each press is a large set of 2 signatures. The 8 pages should also be considered for proper creeping processing to ensure that the internal and external signatures and layouts are aligned.

4. Process identification setting principle

The process identification should be complete and standardized, and it should be easy to print and install. It should be concise and clear. When the cover, text, and color prints are separated from each other, the rules of the heavens and the earth to be adopted shall be unified, and the signs shall be the same. There should be a difference between the two-up product and the up-and-down label. The same series of products should be distinguished in the back of the book by distinct and easily distinguishable characters so as not to be confused during binding.

print

Printing not only affects the visual and visual effects of the text, but it is also caused by irregular printing and irregular rules. If the paper is not delivered together, it will also cause difficulties in cutting, folding, and other processes during binding. The printing process should take care of the post process to reduce the impact on the binding.

(1) Paper is not open, not inclined, regular. accurate. Paper blanking is often overlooked. Unloading not only affects the multi-color printing of the printing, but also affects the quality of binding, cutting, and folding.
(2) The lithographic printing should be parallel and the rules should be the same. When the printing rules change, they should be clearly marked and placed separately. The printing port and side curtain should correspond to the folder stopper.
(3) Printing must be balanced with water and ink, and water should be hard and small, and the paper must be kept neat. The paper surface should be smooth, not deformed or stretched to prevent the occurrence of lotus leaf edges.
(4) Rotational printed folding pages should be accurately in place. The first folding page should be flush with the other. The signature should be flat, no short, no shrinking, no obvious pleats, dead pleats, and folded corners. Adjacent page error meets the standard, cut