Research reveals the genetic mechanism of climate adaptation of ruminants such as sheep

Sheep are widely distributed in different regional-specific climatic environments around the world. After thousands of years of natural and artificial selection, sheep have formed a unique phenotype that adapts to different regional climates.

Researchers use the 50,000 genome-wide polymorphisms in the whole genome of sheep and 32 local sheep breeds distributed around the world, as well as nine climatic and environmental factors, through the combination of genetic data and climatic environmental parameters. Genomic horizontal selectivity analysis revealed that 230 single nucleotide polymorphism sites were significantly associated with changes in climatic and environmental factors. These loci are significantly associated with the natural selection of climatic factors. Researchers have also identified 17 candidate genes associated with energy metabolism, endocrine regulation, and autoimmunity on the sheep genome. The analysis shows that the effects of climatic factors such as light and precipitation on the adaptability of sheep region mainly affect the growth of forage grass, which indirectly affects the feeding of sheep and other related physiological metabolic activities.

This work is of great significance for genomic information, especially the large amount of genomic data generated by second- or third-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies, in sheep breeding and climacteric climate adaptation research.

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