The concept and development of e-commerce
Although e-commerce is permeating people's daily lives with incredible speed, there is no unified definition. The people of the world are divided, and governments, scholars, and business people in various countries have given many different expressions according to their status and participation in e-commerce. The following are some definitions that are more representative and authoritative:
International Chamber of Commerce in November 1997, held the World Conference on Electronic Commerce (The World Business Agenda for Electronic Commerce) in Paris. At the meeting, experts and representatives conducted the most authoritative e-commerce concept: Electronic Commerce refers to the realization of the electronic activities of all stages of trade activities in the entire trade process. From the scope of coverage, it can be defined as: any form of commercial transaction by parties to the transaction by means of electronic transactions rather than through face-to-face exchange or direct interview. From the technical aspect, it can be defined as: E-commerce is a multi-technology assembly, Including exchange of data (such as electronic data exchange, e-mail), access to data (shared databases, electronic bulletin boards) and automatic capture of data (barcodes). The businesses covered by e-commerce include: information exchange, pre-sales and after-sales service (provide details of products and services, product use technology guide, answer customer opinions), sales, electronic payment (using electronic fund transfer, credit card, electronic check, electronic cash) , transportation (including product delivery management and transportation tracking, as well as the actual delivery of products that can be electronically transmitted), the formation of a virtual enterprise (formation of a physically non-existent enterprise, the concentration of a group of independent small and medium-sized companies to provide more than any The company's many more products and services), companies and trading partners can jointly own and operate shared business methods.
American scholars Rebecca Karaktar and Andrew B. Whiston, in the book "The Forefront of Electronic Commerce," put forward: "In a broad sense, e-commerce is a modern business method. This method improves products and services. Quality, increase service delivery speed, and meet the cost-reducing needs of government organizations, manufacturers, and consumers.This concept is also used to find information through computer networks to support decision-making.Generally speaking, today's e-commerce will use the computer network to The seller’s information, products, and services are linked, and future e-commerce connects buyers and sellers through a single line in the numerous computer networks that make up the information superhighway.â€
The European Parliament’s definition of “European Initiative for E-Commerce†is: “E-commerce is a business activity conducted electronically. It processes and transmits data electronically, including texts, sounds, and images. It involves many activities. Including electronic goods trading and services, online data transfer, electronic funds transfer, electronic securities trading, electronic freight documents, commercial auctions, cooperative design and engineering, online materials, and access to public goods, including products (such as consumer goods, specialized equipment) And services (such as information services, financial and legal services), traditional activities (such as fitness, education) and confidence activities (such as virtual shopping, virtual training)."
HP believes that e-commerce simply refers to the realization of electronic and automated services from pre-sales services to after-sales support.
IBM believes that e-commerce refers to the use of digital electronic means for conducting business data exchange and conducting business activities. It is an interrelatedness that emerged in the context of the combination of the vastness of the Internet and the rich resources of traditional information technology systems. Dynamic business activities.
The development of electronic commerce
E-commerce is not a new concept. It can be said that when the host system appeared several decades ago, it was born. However, in recent years, the emergence of the Internet has given new vigor to e-commerce, and e-commerce based on the Internet has attracted worldwide attention.
E-commerce begins with network computing. Network computing is the foundation of e-commerce. Without network computing, there is no e-commerce. There are various forms of development, from the initial telephone, telegrams to e-mail and subsequent EDI, can be said to be some form of development of e-commerce.
The development of e-commerce has its inevitability and possibility. The traditional business is based on manual processing of information and exchanging information through paper text, but as the amount of information processed and exchanged increases, the process becomes more and more complex, which not only increases the amount of duplicate work and extra Expenses, but also increase the opportunity for error, in this case need a more convenient and advanced way to quickly communicate and handle business transactions; On the other hand, the development of computer technology and its extensive application and advanced communication technology continue The improvement and use led to the emergence and development of EDI and the Internet, and the global society has entered a new era of information automation, which in turn makes the development of e-commerce possible.
Under the impetus of inevitability and possibility, e-commerce has achieved rapid development. Especially in the past two years, the pace of development has shocked the world. In spite of this, the strategic role of e-commerce has gradually been recognized by all countries in the world, and its future development path is also long.
In the 1970s, the industry standards for paperless financial information put forward by the American Bankers Association and the first EDI standard published by the Transportation Data Coordinating Committee (TDCC) of the United States began the Electronic exchange.
With the participation of the U.S. government and the participation of various industries, the nationwide EDI Committee X12 Committee published the first set of nationwide EDI standards in the early 1980s. Then, in the late 1980s, the United Nations published the EDI operational standard UN/EDIFACT ( The United Nations Rules for Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport) was officially accepted by the International Organization for Standardization as the international standard IDO9735 in 1990. With the introduction of this series of EDI standards, people began to carry out activities such as product exchange and order through the Internet, and EDI has also been widely used and recognized.
However, EDI has always been an advanced technology that has been developed to meet the needs of the enterprise. It must comply with uniform standards and has never been associated with ordinary people. And since the network has not yet been fully developed at that time, this has led to the digitization of many business activities and is only at the stage of an idea.
Until the 1990s, with the rapid development of WWW-based Internet technologies, these ideas gradually matured, and Internet networks began to be used in commercial transactions. At this time, e-commerce became more and more vigorous and became the United States, Canada, and other developed countries in the early 1990s. A new way of business management. Therefore, we can say that e-commerce has become a major focus of the Internet after electronic publishing and e-mail. The main reason for this is the maturity of Internet technology, the enhancement of personal computer connectivity, and the enhancement of capabilities.
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