Printing of other publications
Publication printing has always been a major aspect of printing technology applications. The printing of other publications mentioned here refers to printing of publications other than books and periodicals, such as newspaper printing, map printing, braille printing, and woodblock watermark printing. Due to the unique nature of these publications, the printing technology used to print these publications has "little differences" in "Datong" compared with the printing of books and periodicals. Printing > First Section Newspaper Printing Newspaper printing has always occupied a very important position in the printing of publications. China's modern printing began with printing books and newspapers. Because newspapers are different from books and periodicals, they have special time requirements and have a fixed newspaper loading capacity, which also determines that newspaper printing has some features different from those of books and periodicals. The characteristics of printing> First, the characteristics of newspaper printing 1. Newspaper printing highlights timeliness Newspapers have always been regarded as one of the major news media of the society. Today's society has entered the age of electronic information, and radio and television have become important mass media. Nevertheless, the newspaper is still one of the media that disseminates news to the general public. The primary condition for news dissemination is rapid and timely, which requires that the typesetting, printing, and sending of newspapers should highlight a "fast" word. To this end, newspapers usually link newspaper publishing and printing venues with newspapers. In order to "fast", newspaper printing uses web high-speed web presses, and the printing speed is more than 20,000 per hour. The structure of Chinese characters is complex and the number of characters is large. The general use of characters is about 7,000 words, which brings great difficulties to the rapid typesetting of newspapers. In particular, before the 1980s, the use of lead typesetting and letterpress printing was common in newspaper printing. Lead typesetting is entirely manual work, not only slow, but also labor-intensive, low production efficiency, has become a bottleneck restricting the development of newspaper printing. It is for this reason that in the 1980s, Chinese newspaper printing had taken the lead in computer typography in the aspect of text typesetting, completing the historic Chinese typesetting from “hot exhaust†(lead platoon) to “cold platooningâ€. (Phototype) transformation. 2. The newspaper layout is large and the layout is flexible and changeable The size of books and periodicals is usually 16K, 32K, and 64K. Choose such a small format. First, books are thicker, and they are easier to handle and store. Second, they are suitable for printing and binding. The newspaper is a leaflet, so there is no need to make the layout so small. The layout of the current newspapers is mostly one-sided two-page editions (781×550 mm) or four-sided editions. The newspaper layout is larger than the layout of the book, and there is more room for choice in the format layout of the graphic and text, and the layout is also easy to read. Second, the newspaper layout is more flexible, unlike books and magazines. The layout text is mainly horizontal, and some vertical columns can also be interspersed; the font size of the titles can vary, and the fonts vary. Plus shading, lace, flower, tail and other decorative techniques, greatly increased the readability of the newspaper. 3. Special requirements for paper and ink in newspaper printing Due to the short timeliness of newspapers, the low preservation value, and the high printing speed, the print quality requirements for newspapers are relatively low. Newspaper printing paper is commonly called "newspaper". This is a special paper produced for newspaper printing. This paper roll package facilitates roll feeder feeding. Roll paper in the printing process speed of 4-10 meters / second, the speed is high, requiring the paper's tensile strength is higher than the general printing paper. Secondly, in the high-speed printing process, the ink is mainly fixed by penetrating into the interior of the paper, which requires that the paper and ink have good printability. For paper, the requirements for paper sizing and calendering can be lower to increase the permeability of the paper; for inks, the flowability is better and the viscosity is lower. These are the places where the requirements for paper and ink performance in newspaper printing are significantly different from those in general printing. 4. Newspaper printing eliminates postpress processing General printing includes three major processes: platemaking (also known as prepress processing), printing, and postpress processing. Because the newspaper is leaflet leaflets, post-press processing is dispensed with. In dedicated newspaper rotary presses, punching and cutting devices are generally attached, and the printed continuous paper is cut into newspapers one by one, and immediately folded, counted and packaged. From here it is reflected again that the newspaper printed a "fast" word. Regional distribution of printing> Second, geographical distribution of newspaper printing China is a vast country with more than 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country. Due to historical reasons, there are great differences in their economic and cultural development. Similar to the geographical distribution of books and periodicals, there is also a phenomenon of newspaper printing in the east. In the early 1950s, there were only 108 national newspapers. Even if such a small number of newspapers are mostly concentrated in several major cities in North China, Northeast China, and Eastern China, there are also some southern provinces, but not many. There are fewer provinces and autonomous regions in the southwest and northwest, and some provinces and even a single newspaper do not. Newspapers, as an important public information tool for public opinion, have always been valued by the Communist Party and the government. Since the establishment of the Republic, the News Department has immediately begun to re-plan the publication of newspapers. After that, the provinces set up newspapers one after another to build a printing factory. From 1950 to 1959, a total of 436 new newspapers were published, bringing the total number of newspapers in the country to 544, which initially changed the situation in which the distribution of newspapers was extremely unreasonable. The "Cultural Revolution" launched in the mid-1960s can be said to be a disaster for the destruction of cultural undertakings. Newspaper printing is rarely developed. Since the end of the "Cultural Revolution", by 1980, there were 35 large-scale newspaper printing factories in China above the provincial level and nearly 10,000 employees. Among them, there are 9 newspaper printing houses with more than 40 persons, and the People's Daily Printing Factory has 600 employees, making it the largest professional printing press in China. The fastest growing stage of Chinese newspaper printing was the 1980s after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CPC Congress. In the five years from 1980 to 1985, the number of newly established newspapers reached 1,008, bringing the total number of newspapers in the country to 1,776. In the northwest and southwest regions where the number of original newspapers was relatively small, the speed of development of newspaper printing has also been markedly accelerated, which has further improved the unbalanced regional distribution of printing power in China's newspapers. In 1991, 1,500 kinds of newspapers were formally published, and the number of prints was less than 2 billion, and by the end of 1995, it had increased to 2089. More than 500 new types of newspapers were added in 4 years, and the total amount of printing reached 35.962 billion pairs, which almost doubled. . Tables 20-1 and 20-2 are the “Statistical Statistics Table for Newspapers in Each Province in 1985†and the “Statistical Table for Classification of Newspapers in Each Province in 1985â€. Technological progress in printing> Third, technical progress in newspaper printing "Express" is a prominent requirement for the typesetting and printing of newspapers. The requirements for typesetting are: all kinds of different types of lead characters, patterns, laces, etc. must be complete, the ability to cast words is stronger, and the number of reserves must be sufficient. For the sake of speed, general high-speed wheel printing presses are generally used for printing. Although the printing quality requirements for newspapers are no higher than those for books and periodicals, the printing technology and equipment conditions for newspapers are higher than those for books and periodicals. Therefore, the progress of newspaper printing technology has often become an important factor in promoting the progress of printing technology. For more than 40 years, the progress of newspaper printing technology has mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. Domestic high-speed rotary letterpress machine equipment printing press factory Before the fifties, the newspapers were of a few varieties and had fewer prints. In addition to a few newspapers using high-speed rotary presses, most of the newspapers were printed using a platform machine. In the 1950s, the newspaper publishing industry had a rapid development, so the machinery manufacturing department attached great importance to the development of newspaper printing machinery. In the early 1950s, the Shanghai People’s Machine Factory produced high-speed wheel transfer presses and successively installed various printing press factories. The rapid development of newspaper printing in the 1950s, and the use of domestic high-speed wheel transfer printing equipment and printing presses, should be said to be an important reason. 2. Replace "hot exhaust" with "cold exhaust" Prior to the mid-1980s, the printing of books and newspapers and the printing of newspapers generally used lead type typesetting. In order to change the backwardness of printing technology, in August 1974, the National Science and Technology Committee decided to focus on the scientific and technical personnel of Peking University and other institutions to research and manufacture Chinese phototypesetting machines. After many years of exploration, it finally developed the Huaguang III computer in 1982. Laser phototypewriters, Xinhua News Agency, Economic Daily and Tianjin Publishing Bureau have been used successively. Since then, China's books, newspapers, newspapers, and the layout technology have bid farewell to the "fire and lead" (ie, "hot exhaust") era, entered the computer typesetting (ie, "cold emission") of the door. After a trial period of computer typesetting by the Economic Daily, it has been used for editing and typesetting since 1986. It has achieved significant social and economic benefits (see Table 20-3). In the past when typesetting typesetting, night shift editors generally had to leave work after 3 o'clock in the morning the next day and switched to computer typesetting, and they left work at 12.30. Huaguang IV machine to fight a version as long as 25-40 minutes. Table 20-3 Economic Growth Report of Economic Daily Printing Factory from 1986 to 1989 1. All texts, pictures, audio and video presentations of “Source: China Packaging Network†are marked on this website, and the copyright is exclusively owned by “China Packaging Networkâ€. If you need to reprint, please indicate the source. Any media, website, or individual must indicate "source: China Packaging Network" when reprinting. Violators of this site will be held accountable according to law. 2. The manuscript reproduced and noted by other sources is intended to convey more information for readers and does not imply endorsement of its views or the authenticity of its contents. 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