Nanotechnology and Packaging Printing (1)

First, the trend and historical background of the nano era

In the information age, we have taken a big step toward the micro field, and the world has become incredibly small and small. With the advent of nanotechnology, traditional understanding will be challenged: “How small is it?”

In general, there are two rulers for measuring nanomaterials. One ruler is the scale of nanometers, that is, the size of the material is in the range of 1 nanometer to 100 nanometers, and 1000 nanometers becomes the scale of micrometer. The second rule is that the nature of this material is not found in ordinary materials. The nanomaterials are usually referred to as substances having a certain shape and size of 1 to 100 nm. The term expression can be: English terms are nano, nanosized, nanoscale, nanostrucured, nanometer and particles, materials, substances, solids, clusters, etc. The meaning of the phrase, the Chinese term can thus derive a lot of word meanings, such as: nanoclusters, nanoscale materials, nanoparticles, nanoparticles, nanostructured materials, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, low-dimensional materials and so on. HorstStomier, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, declared: "Nanotechnology gives us a tool that can be used to play with the extremes of the natural world - atoms and molecules. The possibilities for creating new things are endless." Another Nobel The physics prize winner Richard Smolley simply declared: "Nanotechnology is the last frontier for builders."

Nowadays, as humans fly into space and explore Mars, they quietly go deep into the interior of matter and create a new microscopic kingdom among the particles of matter. One day, people will make materials according to their own wishes and unveil the material. A mystery in the world of atoms.

The research and application of nanotechnology means that people will be able to identify, detect and control substances at the level of atoms and molecules, study the laws of atomic and molecular behaviors and interactions at the nanoscale, and enable humans to recognize and transform nature and conquer Nature and the ability to apply nature once again usher in an amazing leap.

For the Chinese people, the significance of the nano era may be even more significant. In the first industrial revolution, steam engines forced human studies to be accurate to millimeters (before humans did not need to study millimeters); the second industrial revolution was the micro-era era. With electricity, humans recognized microelectronics. But now micron-level chips have reached their physical limits and must go deep into the nanometer. The first country in the millimeter era was Britain, and the leader in the micron era was the United States. Now that the nanometer era has arrived, everyone stands on the same starting line.

In late 1959, the Nobel laureate Richard Furman predicted in a speech entitled "There is a lot of space on the bottom of matter": "As far as I know, the principles of physics do not deny the possibility of moving atoms one by one. Sex." This is the earliest idea with a modern nano concept. But nanomaterials are not new inventions for mankind - nature has existed for a long time, and the nanometer world is a real material level.

Nanotechnology (nanotecnnology) is an extremely rich terminology. Its basic meaning is to recognize and transform nature in the nano-scale (10-10~10-7m) scale space, and to create new substances by directly manipulating and arranging the laws and characteristics of the motion of atoms and molecules. This means that people can produce extremely pure materials, a variety of new products, and can greatly improve the efficiency of the machine. Nanotechnology refers to a comprehensive technical system for the preparation, research and application of substances at the nanoscale. The ultimate goal is to manipulate and control atoms and molecules to form artificial functional materials. The broad scope of nanotechnology may include nanomaterial technology, nanofabrication technology, nanometer measurement technology, nanometer application technology, and the like. The nanomaterial technology focuses on material production (ultrafine powder, coating, etc.) and performance testing technology (chemical composition, microstructure, surface morphology, material, chemical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, and optical properties). Nano-machining technology includes precision machining technology (energy beam processing, etc.) and scanning probe technology.

As for the exact connotation of nanotechnology, the perspectives of different research fields are quite different. From the research status so far, the basic concepts of nanotechnology are roughly divided into three types. The first concept is the concept of "molecular nanotechnology" proposed by Dr. Drexel. The second concept positions nanotechnology as the limit of microfabrication technology. The third concept is put forward from the perspective of biology. Organisms inherently have nanoscale structures within cells and biofilms. Therefore, nanotechnology is a scientific technology that studies the laws of motion and interactions of systems composed of substances with sizes between 0.1-100 nm and possible practical applications. The field of nanoscience research is that humans have never been involved in the past. The non-macro, non-microscopic intermediate fields thus opened up new levels of human understanding of the world and also made people’s ability to transform nature directly reduce to molecules and atoms. This indicates that human science and technology have entered a new era—the age of nanotechnology. .

Nanotechnology is a multi-disciplinary high-tech science and technology that emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It also requires further research and development. However, people have expected that nanotechnology will bring a profound and revolutionary change to human society. This revolution will surely affect the economic field. The development of nanotechnology is very likely to be the last chance for the Chinese people who have missed micron technology, information technology, and biotechnology opportunities in the new century. As a Chinese, we must pay attention to the development of high-tech in this contemporary world, and we must not ignore the impact it will have on humanity, especially on the economic field.

Nanotechnology is a high-tech with low energy consumption and technology intensive. Although there is still a long way to go to fully realize its industrialization, the production-to-investment ratio of developing nanotechnology may be higher than other high-tech projects. Therefore, nanotechnology may provide a rare historical opportunity for China to catch up with the world economy. Famous American scientists Jonathan Spence and Laurel (Nobel Prize winner) said: "If China miraculously becomes a super advanced country, relying on nano, it can make the Gobi Desert an oasis."

Second, the opportunities and mission of nano packaging and printing

A famous scientist in our country pointed out: "In the "leadership" disciplines that represent the future development trend of science and technology in information science, bioengineering, and nanoscience, nanoscience is the smallest subject between China and developed countries, and it is also the most common in China. The disciplines that may keep pace with the developed countries." At the turn of the century, Xinhua News Agency reported on August 29, 2000, a news review titled "The Nano-era of decisive battles - a world-wide competition in the field of high-tech technology." This quickly enabled the nanometer to gain recognition from the society.

Nanotechnology will become the leading technology for scientific development in the next two or three decades. The US Science and Technology Commission reported to the U.S. government in March 2000 that the plan for launching nanotechnologies should be regarded as the core of the next industrial revolution. The advanced countries in the world are also re-deploying nanomaterials research from the height of their future development strategies. Nanotechnology development and application. The research on nanomaterials in China has already had a very good foundation and has always been highly valued and supported by the state.

The most important field of application of nanotechnology is the production of new functional materials with specific physical and chemical properties. The most typical application is to make two different kinds of materials into nanocomposite particles. The European Union issued a report as early as 1995: It is predicted that the development of nanotechnology will be second only to the chip manufacturing industry in the next 20 years, and will become the second largest manufacturing industry in the world. The future of nanotechnology far exceeds that of the computer industry. Based on historical experience and the latest scientific and technological development, many scientists in the world have determined that nanotechnology is a sign of the dawn of the industrial revolution and that its impact will be similar to that of microelectronics in the late 20th century.

The development of nano-science and technology is of great significance. First of all, it will change the traditional mode of production of mankind, increase social productivity unprecedentedly, and may fundamentally solve many serious problems that people face today such as environmental pollution, ecological balance destruction, raw materials and energy consumption, etc. At the same time, nanotechnology can Develop potential information and structural potential of materials, and increase the capacity of storing and processing information per unit volume of materials by more than one million times.

The technological innovation of this century is largely supported by clarifying more microscopic phenomena and developing operating techniques accordingly. However, this traditional technology development will encounter limits in many areas. If there is no new discovery that is fundamentally different from the traditional one, it will not be able to reach a new level. Nanotechnology is the unique structural technology that discovers this effect and artificiality. People fully grasp and utilize advanced modern science and technology to make prediction and research on nanotechnology possible.

In order to discuss the current status and development trend of international nanomaterials and technology research and development, application, explore the development strategy of nanomaterials during China's "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, promote the research and application of nanomaterials R&D and nanotechnology in the packaging field, and advance China's nano packaging industry. The leap-forward development, on October 16, 2001, according to my proposal, Mr. Qiu Chungao, the master of the packaging industry in China, personally instructed that the China Packaging Technology Association and the China Packaging Newspaper jointly held the “National First Seminar on Nanotechnology Packaging Application” in Xiamen City. The theme of the conference was "Application and Industrialization of Nanotechnology in Packaging." The seminar will undoubtedly have very important significance for the formulation of China's national nano-package development goals and meet the challenges of the new century. As pointed out in the review article of China Packaging News, the seminar “spreads nanotechnology in the packaging industry. 'Fire kind'."

In May 2004, in response to the draft of China Light Industry Press, I wrote the monograph "Nanotechnology and Packaging Printing" of China and the world's first nano-package printing research, with more than 800,000 words, photos, and more than 200 maps. Delivery and publication. I would like to invite the president of the China Packaging Federation Shi Wanpeng and the chief scientist of the nano project to write a preface. I intend to present this book to the “World Packaging Conference” held in April 2006 in Beijing; recently, it was agreed by the National Defense Industry Press that I am working on it. Prepare the second book, Nano Modification and Application of Packaging Materials. These two monographs reveal the nanotechnology's research on transforming traditional packaging and printing from the perspective of application, explore the framework for establishing a nano-package printing system, and propose the goals and approaches for the commercialization of nano-industry packaging.

(to be continued)