Female doctor weaving 'iron cloth shirt' is lighter than steel plate than cotton cloth

It's acceptable to use a knife to draw a knife. The "iron cloth shirt" is one of the most renowned body armor techniques in Chinese martial arts. Legend has it that those who master this skill can withstand punches, kicks, and even resist knives and guns without injury. Gong Xiaozhou, a 35-year-old female doctor at Wuhan Textile University, has created such a fabric using a "three-dimensional textile machine" developed by her team. She explained, "Compared to steel, this woven three-dimensional fabric is 75% lighter, yet its strength is 6 to 7 times greater. Even the lightest carbon fiber fabric is lighter than regular cotton." What makes this fabric so strong? Lin Fusheng, a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering and another leader of the team, explained that the fabric is made from glass fiber, quartz fiber, and carbon fiber—combining the strengths of all these materials. The claim that it's 6 to 7 times harder than steel is based on their density and properties. Gong Xiaozhou studied for her master’s and doctoral degrees at the University of Manchester, where her mentor was a world-leading expert in 3D textile weaving technology. According to Lin, the mentor once tested the same 3D fabric by shooting it with a pistol from 10 meters away. The fabric didn't get pierced or deformed. These techniques were later applied in British body armor and police equipment. Developing the 3D textile machine took nine years. The first prototype, built in 2006, produced nothing more than regular fabric. By 2011, Lin spent three years creating the first 3D weaving prototype, but it still couldn’t produce the desired results. "We had to scrap the whole machine and start over," said Lin. After much discussion, they decided to rebuild everything from scratch. Gong Xiaozhou traveled to Jiangsu to conduct field research and purchased three small prototypes from a local factory, which she then modified and improved. This determined doctor spends most of her time in the lab, especially during weekends and school breaks. While working as a class tutor, she uses vacation time to focus on research. On New Year’s Eve, the core team members chose to stay in the lab for years, dedicating themselves to the project. Before the breakthrough, the team received very little funding. Over the past nine years, they've invested millions of their own money. To save costs, Lin and Gong sought out local materials whenever possible. The prototype required a set of "divided" equipment to separate the fibers and threads. Normally, this would cost thousands, but the team found cheaper alternatives. For example, they bought wooden combs for less than a yuan each, saving dozens of dollars. To solve the threading issue, instead of buying an expensive device, they repurposed wire insulation as a threading tool, solving the problem without spending a penny. "Over the years, we saved between 500,000 and 600,000 yuan," said Lin. The team has signed an agreement to commercialize the technology. Li Yu, another team leader and deputy director of the Science and Technology Department at Wuhan Textile University, noted that 3D weaving technology has long been a global challenge. Although foreign countries have made progress, China has been blocked from accessing the technology. Gong’s project not only fills a domestic gap but also introduces the world’s first fully automatic three-dimensional wide and thick fabric weaving equipment. It currently holds six invention patents and eleven utility model patents. The equipment can weave over ten types of 3D fiberglass fabrics, meeting the needs of aerospace, military, automotive, and other industries. It can be used to make wings, cockpits, armor, body protection, explosion-proof equipment, assault boats, ship hulls, decks, chassis, and door panels. Can this fabric be widely used in the future? Li Yu said that civilian applications are mainly focused on luggage. "The stretchability and strength of bags made from 3D textiles are excellent. I’ve seen many customers in Europe and America using them, though the price is quite high. I saw a bag priced at 799 euros in Europe." The project has already signed an agreement with a listed company in Hubei Province and will soon go into production.

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